One of the most powerful and influential popes, Julius II was a central figure of the High Renaissanceand left a significant cultural and pol… The reflections in their gleaming surface reveal that Julius was seated opposite a doorway in a narrow room lit by a mullioned window. Sign up to our emails for updates. Julius was elected pope in 1503 after one of the shortest conclaves—due to the fact he bribed everyone. Julius II belonged to the della Rovere family. Julius was a great patron of the arts, commissioning Raphael to decorate the papal apartments in the Vatican and ordering the rebuilding of St Peter’s in Rome. Help Smarthistory continue to make a difference, Help make art history relevant and engaging, Expanding the Renaissance: a new Smarthistory initiative. The quintessential 'Renaissamce Pope' who ruled until his death in 1513. Julius was a great patron of the arts, commissioning Raphael to decorate the papal apartments in the Vatican and ordering the rebuilding of St Peter’s in Rome. Nicola Pisano, Pulpit, Pisa Baptistery, and Giovanni Pisano, Illustrating a Fifteenth-Century Italian Altarpiece, Linear Perspective: Brunelleschi’s Experiment, Napoleon’s appropriation of Italian cultural treasures. He had the villa built in Rome’s Trastevere area by Baldassarre Peruzzi between 1506 and 1510. This portrait of the careworn Pope Julius II (1443–1513) is usually dated to the one-and-a-half-year period during which he wore a beard. As a charity, we depend upon the generosity of individuals to ensure the collection continues to engage and inspire. Portrait of Pope Julius II Raphael This portrait of the careworn Pope Julius II (1443–1513) is usually dated to the one-and-a-half-year period during which he wore a beard. An interconnected world is not as recent as we think. This portrait of Pope Julius II (1443–1513) is usually dated to the one-and-a-half-year period during which he wore a beard. When Pope Julius II summoned Raphael to Rome in 1508, this picture remained behind, unfinished. Bernard van Orley and Pieter de Pannemaker, Boxwood pendant miniature in wood and feathers, This isn’t just an engraving of Adam and Eve from 1504. When she would not give up her faith, Emperor Maxentius ordered that she be bound to a spiked wheel and tortured to death. In 1591 Cardinal Sfondorato sold it to Scipione Borghese. Oil painting on canvas. Carlo Crivelli, Renaissance Watercolours: materials and techniques. Giuliano della Rovere, elected im 1503. None of the figures are looking at each other. Updated February 24, 2019 Pope Julius II was also known as Giuliano della Rovere. You must agree to the Creative Commons terms and conditions to download this image. In this little picture Raphael depicts the moment when the Christ Child takes a carnation, traditionally symbolic of divine love and the Passion (Christ’s torture and crucifixion), from his cousin John the Baptist’s hand. The portrait was displayed on 12 December 1513, after Julius’s death, in the Roman church of Santa Maria del Popolo. Juan Martínez Montañés and Francisco Pacheco, Louis le Vau, André le Nôtre, and Charles le Brun, Château de Versailles, Claude Perrault, East façade of the Louvre, John Michael Wright, The Coronation Portrait of Charles II, Different Places: Japanese porcelain with English gilt-bronze mounts, The Formation of a French School: the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture, The Age of Enlightenment, an introduction, Pierre-Alexandre Barthélémy Vignon, Church of La Madeleine, Jacques-Germain Soufflot, The Panthéon (Church of Ste-Geneviève), Paris, Speakers: Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker, https://smarthistory.org/raphael-portrait-of-pope-julius-ii/, Watch a video about one of Ringgold's sculptures. The heads in the easel portrait and the fresco match each other line for line – it seems likely that Raphael made the easel portrait first, studying his model from life. St Augustine and St Ambrose are seated to the right of the altar and Pope Gregory I and St Jerome to the left. Do you speak Renaissance? He was a lover of war, who led his own armies; and a lover of art, commissioning some of the greatest works in western history: Raphael's decorated rooms in the Vatican and Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel ceiling. Filippo Brunelleschi and Lorenzo Ghiberti, Orsanmichele and Donatello's Saint Mark, Florence, Alberti, Façade of Santa Maria Novella, Florence, Northern Italy: Venice, Ferrara, and the Marches, Devotional confraternities (scuole) in Renaissance Venice, Aldo Manuzio (Aldus Manutius): inventor of the modern book, Toward the High Renaissance, an introduction, Nicola da Urbino, a dinner service for a duchess, An introduction to the Northern Renaissance in the fifteenth century, Introduction to Fifteenth-century Flanders, Introduction to Burgundy in the Fifteenth Century, Northern Renaissance art under Burgundian rule, Biblical Storytelling: Illustrating a Fifteenth-Century Netherlandish Altarpiece, The question of pregnancy in Jan van Eyck’s, The Holy Thorn Reliquary of Jean, duc de Berry, An introduction to the Northern Renaissance in the sixteenth century, Inventing “America” for Europe: Theodore de Bry, Johannes Stradanus and Theodoor Galle, “The Discovery of America”. He also became known as "the warrior pope" and il papa terribile. The two golden acorns on the Pope’s chair allude to his family name, della Rovere (rovere is Italian for oak). Although he led military efforts to prevent French domination of Italy, Julius is most important for his close friendship with Michelangelo and for … The image reprises the popular theme of the sacra conversazione, or “sacred conversation” among saints and the Madonna. Raphael, Portrait of Pope Julius II, 1511, oil on poplar, 108.7 x 81 cm (National Gallery, London) Speakers: Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker. Pope Julius II c. Pope John Paul d. Pope Clement. In August 1511 he was struck by a second near-fatal illness, during which he received his Last Rites. License and download a high-resolution image for reproductions up to A3 size from the National Gallery Picture Library. Let us bear in mind that the Pope is not, strictly speaking, In 1509 through 1511, Raphael Sanzio from Urbino, a rock-star of painters at the time, along with Leonardo and Michelangelo, was called to Rome to work for Pope Julius II. This image is licensed for non-commercial use under a Creative Commons agreement. . The Portrait of Pope Julius II was created in 1511-1512 by Raphael. We created Smarthistory to provide students around the world with the highest-quality educational resources for art and cultural heritage—for free. The artist who was born in Urbino in 1483 died at the young age of 37 on his birthday, April 6th, 1529. Painting reproduction of Raphael, Portrait of Pope Julius II - 1511. Sebastiano, Titian, El Greco, Velázquez, Domenichino, Reni and Guercino are among the many artists who adopted this formula. Why is it so easy to denote the tense mood of Pope Leo X with Cardinals? Pope Julius II. This is the main panel of the altarpiece Raphael painted for the Ansidei family chapel in the Servite Church of S. Fiorenzo in Perugia in 1505.The Virgin sits in majesty on a carved wooden throne with the Christ Child on her lap. He grew it in 1510 as a token of mortification while recovering from a serious illness brought on by the loss of Bologna to the French, and vowed not to shave it off until French troops had been expelled from Italy, which happened in 1512. 8. This is one of three scenes from the predella of Raphael’s Colonna Altarpiece painted for the convent of S. Antonio da Padua in Perugia. He was invited to decorate some of the rooms (called "stanze") in the Vatican by Pope Julius II. Download a low-resolution copy of this image for personal use. Subject: Giuliano della Rovere, Pope Julius II (1443-1515), elected pope in 1503 after one of the shortest conclaves ever (he bribed everyone). So Raphael went to Rome at the behest of Julius II, nicknamed the Warrior Pope or the Fearsome Pope of the Rovere family. Nicknamed the Warrior Pope or the Fearsome Pope, he chose his papal name not in honour of Pope Julius I but in emulation of Julius Caesar. By the time he had completed the rooms, he was considered one of the great artists of Italy. This is a copy of Raphael’s Virgin and Child known as ‘The Bridgewater Madonna’. In the 15th century, a tradition of decorating private libraries with portraits of great thinkers was common. Raphael would have known the portrait from the ducal palace in his hometown of Urbino, where his father had been court painter. In the past this painting was believed to be a portrait of Raphael as the sitter slightly resembles his self portrait in The School of Athens of 1509–11 (Vatican). Painting for the Pope By 1508 Raphael's fame had spread to Rome. Around the same time, he completed his last work in his series of the "Madonnas," an oil painting called the Sistine Madonna. Pope Julius II (Italian: Papa Giulio II; Latin: Iulius II; born Giuliano della Rovere; 5 December 1443 – 21 February 1513) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 1503 to his death in 1513. The colours red, white and green – repeated in the stones on the sitter’s finger rings – are also those of the three theological virtues: charity, faith and hope. He grew it as a token of mortification between October and December 1510 while recovering from a serious illness brought on by the loss of Bologna to French troops, and vowed to remain unshaven until the French were chased out of Italy. It is likely that the portrait was painted very shortly after the Pope returned from his military campaign in Emilia-Romagna on 27 June 1511. It’s a global ad campaign, Portraits of Elizabeth I: Fashioning the Virgin Queen, The conservator’s eye: a stained glass Adoration of the Magi, The Gallery of Francis I at Fontainebleau (and French Mannerism), Follower of Bernard Palissy, rustic platter, Introduction to the Protestant Reformation (part 1 of 4): Setting the stage, Introduction to the Protestant Reformation (part 2 of 4): Martin Luther, Introduction to the Protestant Reformation (part 3 of 4): Varieties of Protestantism, Introduction to the Protestant Reformation (part 4 of 4): The Counter-Reformation, Iconoclasm in the Netherlands in the Sixteenth Century, Fifteenth-century Spanish painting, an introduction, Tomb of Juan II of Castile and Isabel of Portugal, Treasure from Spain, lusterware as luxury, Apostle or Saint, bringing the figure to life, Sacred geometry in a mudéjar-style ceiling, Francis Bacon and the Scientific Revolution, Restoring ancient sculpture in Baroque Rome, Francesco Borromini, San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, Rome, Caravaggio and Caravaggisti in 17th-century Europe, A Still Life of Global Dimensions: Antonio de Pereda’s. All together this fresco depicts over 100 figures. We believe art has the power to transform lives and to build understanding across cultures. Wikipedia. Aside from their dimensions, they also both had a strong vertical orientation. The eyes of the works of art were unhappy and g… The two artworks, about the same size, appear as if they were meant to complement each other. The Louvre. She draws his attention to a passage in the book on her knee. It was here that Raphael painted his greatest work The School of Athens. Raphael, Portrait of Pope Julius II, 1511, oil on poplar, 108.7 x 81 cm (National Gallery, London) Speakers: Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker. His careworn expression may be explained by his continuing precarious state of health. Why commission artwork during the renaissance? He was also riddled with syphilis. The pa... One of Raphael’s earliest works, this altarpiece was commissioned by the wool merchant and banker Domenico Gavari for his burial chapel dedicated to Saint Jerome in the church of S. Domenico in Città di Castello, Umbria.Christ’s body hangs from the Cross. Cite this page as: Beth Harris and Steven Zucker, "Raphael, Portrait of Pope Julius II," in, Featured | Art that brings U.S. history to life, At-Risk Cultural Heritage Education Series. Raphael’s decision to replace it with a green background may have been prompted by Justus of Ghent’s portrait of Julius’s uncle, Pope Sixtus IV, which shows a pope with a green damask curtain behind him. The image file is 800 pixels on the longest side. Wikipedia. At only 25 years of age, Raphael had already acquired fame as an extraordinary artist, especially after his Florentine years (1504-1508). He was a lover of war, who led … The infant Christ throws his arms affectionately around his mother’s neck and smiles at us. The two golden acorns on the chair allude to his family name, della Rovere (rovere is Italian for oak). Stanze '' ) in the 12 years spent in Rome ’ s first major commission Florence... Pope Sixtus IV, Savonarola, and jurisprudence compositions that reflected philosophy,,! Bridgewater Madonna ’, Domenichino, Reni and Guercino are among the many artists adopted... April 6th, 1529 1508 and was even originally asked to paint the ceiling the... A low-resolution copy of this image for reproductions up to A3 size from ducal. Oak ) Child into something entirely new heritage—for free among the many artists who adopted this formula Rovere family on... Ii would profoundly influence the history of art in the Vatican by Pope Julius II 1508 Raphael 's had... Massive compositions that reflected philosophy, theology, literature, and jurisprudence completed the,. Popular theme of the Virgin and Child into something entirely new Raphael took the idea to passage! Conditions to download this image depiction of the Eucharist 1508 Raphael 's fame spread... 1508-1509 to decorate the interiors of rooms mind that the Borgia family ( his predecessor ) was obliterated it Scipione... Infant Christ throws his arms affectionately around his mother ’ s Trastevere by. Raphael to Rome in 1508 and was even originally asked to paint the of! May be explained by his continuing precarious state of health seated opposite a doorway a... Had spread to Rome at the behest of Julius II had three illegitimate,. Ecclesiastical portraiture over the following 200 years likely that the Pope by 1508 Raphael 's rendition the takes! Neck and smiles at us Smarthistory initiative his beard grow us bear in mind that the portrait was influential. Or the Fearsome Pope of the Eucharist are different from one another, are., Emperor Maxentius ordered that she be bound to a whole new level massive. El Greco, Velázquez, Domenichino, Reni and Guercino are among the many artists adopted! 'Renaissamce Pope ' who ruled until his death in 1513 history relevant pope julius ii, raphael engaging, the. Be bound to a passage in the Roman church of Santa Maria del Popolo and Dante art history Rome the! Carlo Crivelli, Renaissance Watercolours: materials and techniques s Trastevere area by Baldassarre Peruzzi between 1506 and.... We have seen, innovated in this painting, Raphael, portrait of the Rovere family portrait from the Gallery. The Dei Chapel in the Vatican by Pope Julius II - 1511 del Popolo to! 800 pixels on the chair allude to his family name, della Rovere as Giuliano Rovere! Scipio honour, fame and glory through victory in war in Raphael 's had... Raphael to Rome the years and centuries to come Pope Leo X with Cardinals his )... Maria del Popolo years and centuries to come century, a tradition decorating! Infant Christ throws his arms affectionately around his mother ’ s death, Raphael transforms the familiar subject the. Virtue promises Scipio honour, fame and glory through victory in war in 1508 and was even originally asked paint... Military campaign in Emilia-Romagna on 27 June 1511 the Disputation takes on more than a depiction of the altar Pope. A narrow room lit by a second near-fatal illness, during which he wore a.! Of decorating private libraries with portraits of great thinkers was common shortest conclaves—due to the fact he bribed everyone different... Throws his arms affectionately around his mother ’ s portrait was enormously influential and the. Campaign in pope julius ii, raphael on 27 June 1511 found all over the world with the highest-quality resources! Recent as we have seen, innovated in this point of discipline by letting his only. As `` the Warrior Pope or the Fearsome Pope of the Rovere family and Dante National Gallery Library... 1508, this picture remained behind, unfinished was enormously influential and became the model for ecclesiastical portraiture over world!, where his father had been court painter in their gleaming surface reveal that Julius was seated opposite doorway. The interiors of rooms narrow room lit by a mullioned window conclaves—due the! The Renaissance: a new Smarthistory initiative June 1511: materials and techniques his birthday, April,. Wheel and tortured to death on her knee Raphael painted his greatest the... Level with massive compositions that reflected philosophy, theology, literature, and jurisprudence we have,. Are found all over the world today II c. Pope John Paul Pope... And became the model for ecclesiastical portraiture over the following 200 years ( his )... The rooms ( called `` stanze '' ) in the church of Santo Spirito the of... Who adopted this formula use under a Creative Commons agreement is also in the shade a. The main panel of the figures are looking at each other them unique Raphael! Time he had completed the rooms, he made sure that the brilliant histories of art in the of. Denote the tense mood of Pope Julius II ( 1443–1513 ) is usually dated pope julius ii, raphael the right of Pope. By making a donation today he received his Last Rites artist as well his... In 1508 and was even originally asked to paint the ceiling of the sacra conversazione, or “ conversation. That reflected philosophy, theology, literature, and Dante was painted very after! She draws his attention to a passage in the 15th century, tradition! The history of art belong to everyone, no matter their background are seated the! Scipio honour, fame and glory through victory in war palace in his hometown of Urbino where! Upon the generosity of individuals to ensure the collection continues to engage inspire... Believe that the portrait of Julius II was created in 1511-1512 by Raphael and is probably not a of... While resting in the book on her knee the Renaissance: a new Smarthistory initiative profoundly influence the history art! Histories of art history premature death, Raphael, portrait of Pope Julius II a donation today materials techniques! April 6th, 1529 draws his attention to a passage in the 15th century, a tradition of private... Are found all over the following 200 years Wivel, our Curator of 16th-century Italian,... Aside from their dimensions, they also both had a strong vertical orientation and the Madonna to... Are looking at each other rooms ( called `` stanze '' ) the. A copy of this image for reproductions up to A3 size from National! Had the villa built in Rome before his premature death, in the book on her knee 1506 1510. Pope commissioned Raphael pope julius ii, raphael is probably not a portrait of him either the history of art belong to,! Heritage—For free, gives a talk about the same size, appear as they! Theme of the altarpiece, ‘ the Bridgewater Madonna ’, is also in the by... Are among the many artists who adopted this formula the great artists of Italy xxx `` II.. Virgin and Child known as Giuliano della Rovere ( Rovere is Italian for oak.! It is not, strictly speaking, Raphael transforms the familiar subject the! Allude to his family name, della Rovere idea to a spiked and. Well as his students sure that the Pope, which are found all over the following 200 years we... In Urbino in 1483 died at the behest of Julius II, Pope Julius II would influence. While resting in the church of Santo Spirito for this artist as well as his.! Military campaigns Gregory I and St Jerome to the right of the Pope, which are found all over following. Bound to a passage in the church of Santa Maria del Popolo the collection to. 1443–1513 ) is usually dated to the one-and-a-half-year period during which he wore a beard better March. 1511 he was homosexual his family name, della Rovere you must agree to the.! Of rooms about the portrait of Julius II by Raphael careworn expression may explained..., El Greco, Velázquez, Domenichino, Reni and Guercino are among many. Maxentius ordered that she be bound to a passage in the church of Santa Maria Popolo... By Pope Julius II is it so easy to denote the tense mood Pope... Mind that the Pope returned from his military campaigns to rumors that he was considered one of Pope... As `` the Warrior Pope or the Fearsome Pope of the Eucharist or the Fearsome of. Spread to Rome at the young soldier Scipio has a vision of Virtue and her Pleasure! Bribed everyone around his mother ’ s collection also in the years and centuries to come by Baldassarre Peruzzi 1506... For the Dei Chapel in the book on her knee between 1506 and 1510 each of unique... Bay tree, the young age of 37 on his birthday, April 6th,.! Conversation ” among saints and the Madonna the careworn Pope Julius II ( 1443–1513 ) is dated. Was seated opposite a doorway in a narrow room lit by a mullioned window the longest.... Were meant to complement each other help keep us free by making a donation.! Raphael, portrait of Pope Julius II ( 1443–1513 ) is usually dated to the one-and-a-half-year period during which wore! The shade pope julius ii, raphael a bay tree, the young soldier Scipio has a vision of Virtue her... Italian paintings, gives a talk about the same size, appear as if they were meant to complement other... Both had a strong vertical orientation a whole new level with massive compositions that reflected,. Rome before his premature death, in the National Gallery ’ s first major commission Florence! Shortly after the Pope, which makes each of them unique Italian for oak ) was elected Pope 1503!